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【資料圖】

第四章系動(dòng)詞的用法

1. 最常用連系動(dòng)詞：be(am; is/was; are/were)。

2. 表變化的系動(dòng)詞：get; turn; go; fall; become; grow; come; run。用法注意：在英語(yǔ)中，系動(dòng)詞一般只有一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)變化形式，沒(méi)有其他時(shí)態(tài)變化形式。但表變化的這類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞除外，它們有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。

E.g.: It is becoming colder and colder.

The food has gone bad.

此處還需注意的是become和turn后接表職業(yè)的名詞時(shí)冠詞的有無(wú)：

E.g.: Two years later, he became a teacher.

但Two years later, he turned teacher.

另外，go表變化時(shí)一般指事情向消極、不好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化。

3. 所謂“感官動(dòng)詞”:look; sound; taste; smell; feel。一般它們?cè)诰渥又凶g成：。。。起來(lái)；。。。上去。此類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞為高考高頻詞。

E.g.: The food tasted good.食物嘗起來(lái)很香。

其中必須注意到它們本身也用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，所以在平常的教學(xué)和應(yīng)用中一定多比較、關(guān)注它們的用法。

E.g.: He looked sadly at the picture. / She looked sad after hearing the news.

Tom tasted the food and it tasted good.

4. 表狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞：keep; stay; remain;（依然是；保持）

E.g.: She remains loyal to her father despite his cruelty towards her.

What a lovely day today! I love fine weather and I hope it will stay fine for some more days.

Much remains to be done.

5. 表像系動(dòng)詞：seem; appear。漢語(yǔ)意義：看起來(lái)像、似乎、好像。這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，即如果要表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的變化，需要后接不定時(shí)來(lái)完成。

E.g.: He seemed to have caught cold./ When Father came in, Tom seemed to be eating something.

另外此處一句型轉(zhuǎn)換也要要求學(xué)生牢記

It seemed that he had caught cold.

When Father came in, it seemed that Tom was eating something.

6. 終止系動(dòng)詞：prove; turn out。表達(dá)“證實(shí)、證明、結(jié)果為。。。”之意。

E.g.: He proved (to be) right. / The experiment turned out successful.

1． 一般地說(shuō)，系動(dòng)詞無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如：

Your hand feels cold.

The soup tastes good.

The dinner smells good.

2．系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與形容詞的比較級(jí)連用的問(wèn)題。

某些含有變化意義的動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞如get, become, grow, turn等的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級(jí)連用，表示漸進(jìn)過(guò)程，其意思是“越來(lái)越……”。例如：

He is growing taller and taller.

Our life is getting better and better.

Things are getting worse.

3．所有半系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要分情況討論。

英語(yǔ)中某動(dòng)詞在作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，二者不可混為一談。例如：

不能說(shuō)：The apple is tasted good.因?yàn)閠aste此時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞，“嘗起來(lái)”之意，指的是蘋(píng)果的性質(zhì)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

但我們可以說(shuō)：The apple is tasted by me.這蘋(píng)果被我嘗了一下。（taste此時(shí)指“嘗一嘗”這一動(dòng)作，有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）

因此，在平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)之 ，要有意注意半系動(dòng)詞在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中到底是系動(dòng)詞用法還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法，要注意區(qū)分、識(shí)別。

4．瞬間動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞能否與時(shí)間段連用的問(wèn)題

英語(yǔ)中某些表示瞬間意義的系動(dòng)詞不能與“for 時(shí)間段，since 時(shí)間點(diǎn)，how long until 時(shí)間,by 時(shí)間，so far”等直接連用。例如：

①不能說(shuō)：He has become a teacher for 2 years.

應(yīng)改為：He has been a teacher for 2 years.

②不能說(shuō)：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.

應(yīng)改為：He has been a write since 3 years ago.

或It is two years since he turned writer.

③不能說(shuō)：He got angry until his child came back home.

應(yīng)改為：He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.

5．系動(dòng)詞能接幾種表語(yǔ)（從句）

系動(dòng)詞除了接adj.\n.\prep.短語(yǔ),還可接以下幾種表語(yǔ)形式：

①能接as if/as though表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有：look（看起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)），sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)），feel（覺(jué)得）；appear（顯得），seem（似乎）。例如：

It looks as if we are going to have snow.看樣子天要下雪了。

He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看來(lái)好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來(lái)似的。

She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.看來(lái)她好像不能理解為什么勞拉呆在那兒。

It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.我好像聽(tīng)到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。

She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛覺(jué)得她的頭要裂開(kāi)了。

The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。

It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。

②可用于“It 系動(dòng)詞 that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有：seem, appear如：

It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自語(yǔ)。

③能用不定式作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞有：be, seem, , look, appear, prove, grow.

Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子們。

He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父親。

He looks to be a young girl of twenty.他看起來(lái)像是一個(gè)20歲的年輕姑娘。

He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。

My advice proved to be wrong.我的建議證明是錯(cuò)誤的。

④能與there連用的系動(dòng)詞有：be, appear, seem.

There appeared to be only one room.那兒好像只有一個(gè)房間。

There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎沒(méi)有必要走

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